What is Karate DSL? And you dont need to line-up an assortment of shell-scripts to do all these things. For more complex functions you are better off using the multi-line doc-string approach. GET Example 2: In the Given section we are using path/query parameter. For example: The other situation where we have found a delay() un-avoidable is for some super-secure sign-in forms - where a few milliseconds delay before hitting the submit button is needed. The above example can be made more simpler with the use of call (or callonce) without a def-assignment to a variable, and is the recommended pattern for implementing re-usable authentication setup flows. { Note how karate.set() and karate.remove() below are used directly as a script statement. It will be initialized only after the driver keyword has been used to navigate to a web-page (or application). For example, once you run the couple of Docker commands to get Zalenium running, you can do this: Note that you can add showDriverLog: true to the above for troubleshooting if needed. 1. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. An additional-level of auto-conversion happens when objects cross the boundary between JS and Java. This is preferred because it takes care of situations such as if the value is undefined in JavaScript. input: { "b": 2, You simply do something like this: A common need is to send the same header(s) for every request, and configure headers (with JSON) is how you can set this up once for all subsequent requests. For example you can get a nice feature coverage report, provided you have a rich set of tags. All you need is available in the karate-core artifact. In the above example, the end-result of the call to my-signin.feature resulted in the authToken variable being initialized. classpath:, this:, file:) or byte arrays: You may configure the following image comparison options using the configure action: Image comparison engines can also be customized: Best practice is to stick to using only def unless there is a very good reason to do otherwise. Something like this: For HTTPS / SSL, you can also specify a custom certificate or trust store by setting Java system properties. Now it should be clear how Karate makes it easy to express JSON or XML. Finally, the page is updated to display the first-name, last-name and the image. function fn(x){ return x + 1 }. This is a core feature and does not depend on JUnit, Maven or Gradle. Something worth mentioning here is that you would hardly need to use assert in your test scripts. And JSON arrays would become Java List-s. This is useful when you ship a JAR file containing re-usable features and JavaScript / Java code and want to default a few variables that teams can inherit from. Observe how you can match the result of a JsonPath expression with your expected data. If you want to perform API testing but you dont have knowledge of any programming language then you should choose Karate framework to perform API testing. This report is useful for troubleshooting and debugging a test because all requests and responses are shown in-line with the steps, along with error messages and the output of print statements. Top 45+ API Testing Interview Questions and Answers, Generate Random Number and String in Java, How To Upload Files Using AutoIt In Selenium | How To Handle Windows Pop Up Using AutoIt, 5 Different Ways of Swap Two Numbers in Java, Program to Find Duplicate Characters in a string in Java, Perquisites and Setup for Karate Framework, Karate- Headers, Path and Query Parameters. Typically you would examine the value property as in the example above, but domain and path are also available. This is useful when you want to express a one-off lengthy snippet of text in-line, without having to split it out into a separate file. This is especially useful when capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that are known to be correct. You can if you want to, but since only JsonPath (on variables) is allowed here, Karate ignores the $ and looks only at the variable name. Karate has an elegant approach to handling any action such as click() that results in a new page load. It typically ends up being a one-liner that appears in the Background section at the start of your test-scripts. It is actually a transpose of the table approach, and can be very convenient when there are a large number of keys per row or if the nesting is complex. Here is an example of performing a configure driver step in JavaScript: By default, Karate will add logs to the report output so that HTTP requests and responses appear in-line in the HTML reports. { id: { domain: "DOM", type: "entityId", value: "#ignore" }, You can also re-use other *.feature files from test-scripts: When a called feature depends on some side-by-side resources such as JSON or JS files, you can use the this: prefix to ensure that relative paths work correctly - because by default Karate calculates relative paths from the root feature or the top-most caller. What this means is that it can be chained as you expect. This is very useful to filter the results that match a desired condition - typically a text comparison. So if you really wanted to assert that the HTTP response body is well-formed JSON or XML you can do this: Very rarely used - but you can get the Java system-time (for the current response) at the point when the HTTP request was initiated (the value of System.currentTimeMillis()) which can be used for detailed logging or custom framework / stats calculations. Everything to the right of the assert keyword will be evaluated as a single expression. So how can you get this value injected into the Karate configuration ? params, headers, cookies, form fields, multipart fields and multipart files take a single JSON argument (which can be in-line or a variable reference), and this enables certain types of dynamic data-driven testing, especially because any JSON key with a null value will be ignored. In such cases, you can use waitForUrl(). Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. The retry keyword is designed to extend the existing method syntax (and should appear before a method step) like so: Any JavaScript expression that uses any variable in scope can be placed after the retry until part. This is best explained in this example: copy.feature. If you have one pre-started, you need to use the playwrightUrl driver config. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. But take a look at how Karate can loop over a *.feature file for each object in a JSON array - which gives you dynamic data-driven testing, if you need it. The unified use of Karate test-doubles means that you can script dynamic responses and handle incoming URL, query-string and header variations. created: { on: "#ignore" }, "c": 5 The following parameters are supported: For end-to-end examples in the Karate demos, look at the files in this folder. Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. A very rare need is to be able to convert a string which happens to be in YAML form into JSON, and this can be done via the yaml type cast keyword. While converting a number to a string is easy (just concatenate an empty string e.g. # but karate allows you to traverse xml like json !! { Step 3: Add steps to run a sample POST API request. So if you tried to re-use the same feature but with multiple arguments, things will not work as you expect. The last row in the table is a little different from the rest, and this short-cut form is the recommended way to validate the length of a JSON array. It returns the Element representation of whichever element was found first, so that you can perform conditional logic to handle accordingly. But in that case you should de-dupe them using a name: And since it is common to run a @setup Scenario only once per-feature you can call karate.setupOnce(). function() { height See karate.callSingle(). There are examples of calling JVM classes in the section on Java Interop and in the file-upload demo. The default setting for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval of 3000 milliseconds (3 seconds). please replace RELEASE with the exact version of Karate you intend to use if applicable. Only 1 import is needed, and instead of a class-level annotation, you use a nice DRY and fluent-api to express which tests and tags you want to use. You have the option to adjust the scope of the match, and here are examples: Note that {:4} can be used as a short-cut instead of {*:4}. Karate Labs is an industry leading open-source test automation solution unifying API & UI test automation. Note that def will over-write any variable that was using the same name earlier. In fact Gherkin supports the catch-all symbol * - instead of forcing you to use Given, When or Then. Note the use of the JavaScript String.includes() function to do a text contains match for convenience. It is worth pointing out that JSON is a first class citizen of the syntax such that you can express payload and expected data without having to use double-quotes and without having to enclose JSON field names in quotes. """, //DEPS com.intuit.karate:karate-core:RELEASE:all, "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users", * def expected = __num == 0 ? "/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome", "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome", 'justinribeiro/chrome-headless', showDriverLog, :9222 --security-opt seccomp=./chrome.json justinribeiro/chrome-headless, 'Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App', # waitForEnabled() returns an "Element" instance, waitFor('input[name=query]').input('karate-logo.png'), # if you want to get the actual url for later use, "function(e){ return e.innerHTML == 'APPEARED!' In other words, { a: 1, b: null } is considered equal to { a: 1 } and { a: 1, b: '##null' } will match both cases. Step 3: Add steps to run a sample GET API request. If you have a custom implementation of a Target, you can easily construct any custom Java class and pass it to configure driverTarget. Note that url and request are not allowed as variable names. Observe the usage of Scenario Outline: instead of Scenario:, and the new Examples: section. a sibling Docker container or a Chrome browser in a different machine) you might need to configure DockerTarget with the remoteHost and/or useDockerHost properties. isValidTime(_)' So you can do things like this: * def name = name + __loop - or you can use the loop index value for looking up other values that may be in scope - in a data-driven style. So you can use Karate to set-up data via API calls, then run the UI test-automation, and finally again use Karate to assert that the system-state is as expected. The above methods return a chainable Finder instance. As a short-cut, when running JsonPath expressions - $ represents the response. By Clicking on each step in report we can see the steps information. You can change the com.intuit.karate logger level to INFO to reduce the amount of logging. 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